The full-scale reconstruction of this city was started in June 2004, about 6 months after from the severe earthquake which had killed 43,200 peoples in an instant. The rescue party from Japan rehabilitated the urgent part of broken waterworks in the city. The livelihood of the citizen was extremely severe at that time. The heat waves were devastated in the city on summer and the temperature was usually over 40 ℃, so that the temperature of the surface of the ground seemed to be over 60 ℃.

The heap of rubbish resulting from the disaster had tolerably put in order along the road, and the tents for temporary living were decreased one fifth to one sixth in comparison with the tents just after the disaster. The container style temporary housing was conspicuous increased instead of the tents. The citizen in Bam were enduring the heat waves with the help of air conditioners which were installed the temporary housing even the tents. Animated open-air markets were opened instead of the fell down shopping streets as they were.

The rescue party from Japan would like to restore the urgent 30km of the important part of the water supply networks which had been broken down by the earthquake. The cast iron pipes in stead of the broken asbestos pipes couldn’t be produced as fast as we wishes, and was reported that it would be taken in 6 months in Iran to procure around 500mm diameter cast iron pipes.

The staff of the Water Supply Company of Kerman claimed us to use asbestos pipes of which they had enough stocks as urgent rehabilitating line, but we were opposed it due to weakness for earthquake- proof and the harmful influence on human health. Moreover the fallen down 2,000m3 capacity of distribution reservoir made of reinforced concrete and attached chlorination house and gatehouse were reconstructed by Japan funds. /p>

NGOs and private companies in Iran have no stable operational funds so far as we associated with.　After receiving the advanced payment of the contract, they start to purchase building materials and excavate ground. And they would put a stop to these actions, when would spent their whole money. Many buildings were under construction in Kerman, because the owners of buildings were used to make a construction of steel frame, floor and wall of the buildings which the limits of the getting budget. When the temporary budgets reach to the bottom, the sits of construction are out of operation till they get the next budgets. It is a matter of common knowledge there that small scale of buildings will be completed in 5 or 6 years.

The concrete works for the distribution reservoir couldn’t be carried out in the daytime because of the high temperatures; accordingly the concrete works were executed in the morning or in the night. The local workers were dead tired in the intense heat in the daytime, so they should sleep in the tents until the sunset.

The cast iron pipes were scarcely arrived at the construction site in autumn and the urgent 30 km of the water supply networks were completed in the end of March in 2005. The distribution reservoir, the chlorination house and the gate house were also completed and transferred to the client in the end of March in 2005. We struggled hard against these works in the Moslem social order which was “Only Allah knows when the works being finished”.

As it might be expected of the greatest population density in the world, the streets in Dhaka are jammed with people, rickshaws, motor tricycles taxicabs and private cars. The streets in Dhaka are filled with them like a deluge from morning to midnight.

It should seem that the rickshaws and motor tricycles waiting for guests are more than actual guests, so we suppose that any of them couldn’t get even one guest a day. Beggars including adults and children come near to us when we walk in the city in accordance with saying the poorest country in Asia. The traffic in the city is tied up at all times and it takes more than one hour to pass through the downtown to a suburbs.

In a rural area the scenery turns out to serene countryside views and children come out one after another from their houses. They come near around us curiously with friendly eyes. Some of them presented picked wild flowers to us.

To spread fermented human excrement on the fields are taken as follows by the people in the agricultural area. The affirmative opinions are “we have heard such story before” and “experimental tests have been started a certain place of this country”. The opposite opinions are I wouldn’t absolutely take groceries which had been cultivated with human excrement even if the others would take those” and “when I took those, I would be cursed”.

15 sanitary toilets with separable type between feces and urine were completed in Kotbari, Komilla prefecture taking 2 and half months from December 15th to February 28th. The 3 days workshop was held to enlighten 40 villagers on the subjects which were

1. how to use the sanitary toilets,
2. keeping the feces alkaline to kill parasite eggs as a result of sprinkling ashes over feces just after the excretion and being able to utilize as manure after 6 months drying of feces,
3. sprinkling the diluting urine with water about 10 times on the fields when the urine would store a small quantity because of it’s hygienic safety and
4. allways keeping the toilets clean. Local staff interpreted our English explanations into Bengali.

Hereafter we should follow up and verify the realization of the resources recycling over the next year.

I have heard before “Bangladesh is the last country in which much frustration on business is experienced because of looking like the country just gathered the faults from Islam and Bengalese”. At first we wondered if we could construct ecological toilets in the rural area of this country by the grant of Japan Fund of Global Environment. Finally we managed the ecological toilets to come into use. Good persons of rich developed countries take action in line with the principle of faith and sincerity holding true at any time and anywhere. We had often come to know an actuality holding a big pitfall on assistance business in developing counties. But we experienced that the local NGO concerned and the executive organization kept their promises and realized the principle of faith and sincerity on business.

Guinea has a little larger area than the Mainland of Japan (Honshu) and has 8.5 million populations. It is said that Conakry, the capital of Guinea, has 2.2 million populations but this is not sure because of the inaccurate census of the population. Conakry has high temperature and high humidity which is covered with the tropical rain forests having a little less than 3 times annual precipitation of Japan. The temperature is over 30℃ everyday and coconut palms grow naturally and people can get coconuts easily, so no one is starved to death even if not clothes and dwellings. The Guinea Government expects that the water caused epidemics shall decrease if the rescue party from Japan fulfills their needs of good quality drinking water.

It is too indigent to look at in the city. A few of citizens live in normal style dwelling houses which has porches, doors and windows and most of citizens live in hovels without doors and windows which are made of plywood and galvanized iron sheets on illegally occupying area without disorder. Many shabby apparently disused cars run about lengthwise and crosswise in the city. The traffic jam in the city begins at 8 o’clock in the morning.

Most of stores are in open-air markets. Furniture and electric appliances are sold at open-air markets, to say nothing of groceries and fruits. We are worried about whether furniture made of wood and sofas seemed to be leather covers get wet with rain and get sunburn or not. The managers of open-air stores cover their merchandise with plastic sheets and have watch men keep vigil for merchandise against burglars instead of keeping them in warehouse over night. We supposed they had no warehouse, not enough money to rent warehouse, so taking on watch men were economical.

In spite of these circumstances the compulsory education is operated and we can see pupils going to school in the morning. Every afternoon on Friday citizens of the city have the prayer services with folk costumes.

As a result of examining toilets in the common people’s houses, most of people haven’t sanitary toilets. Of course there isn’t a sewage treatment plant in the city. Supplying quality drinking water by public taps is absolutely necessary in the city. Next to drinking water, constructing sanitary toilets and gathering, transporting and disposing garbage are urgent exercises.

The sources of supply water in the city are dams, fountains in the mountains and deep wells because of plenty of rainfall in the country. The water meters of the water supply main were not working and they were left as they were. The raw water is treated and disinfected at the water treatment plant and the produced drinking water is transported through water supply main. But we cannot grasp total amount of produced water. In the past, France, Canada and China installed some water meters respectively. When troubles on water meters were happened they were left without repair. The amount of non-revenue water which cannot be measured exactly is evident more than 50 % according to our investigation. The amount of leakage water from water supply network is also likely more than one third because of the superannuated water distribution network.

The water treatment plant treating capacity with 30,000m3/d shall be scheduled to be constructed by Japanese fund, but more than 10,000m3/d quality drinking water would be penetrated into the ground if the water distribution network were left without repair.

T-coli Forms were detected in the city water according to water examinations. We were surprised slightly by the result and supposed that filthy water might permeate into the distribution pipe through the hair cracks of pipe when the water pressure of pipe was declined. It is thinkable that the water pressure declination of distribution pipe is arised from more excessive water consumption than the capacity of water supply because of latest surplus population of the city.

We are used to drink bottled mineral water but we should oblige to wash up dishes and cups with piped water. The dishes and cups being used for meals in hotels and restaurants are as a matter of course washed up by contaminated piped water and there is no way for acceptance of these facts.

The 1st World Toilet EXPO & Forum was held at INTEX Shanghai in Shanghai, China organized and sponsored by the World Toilet Organization for 3 days from May 8th 2005. This EXPO seemed to be held without main theme and only to muster toilets of world wide fame in Shanghai. Centering around Chinese toilets manufacturers, INAX From Japan and American Standard from USA participated in the EXPO.

Overwhelming majority of the exhibits were

1. showing the good performances and the beauties of stools, among them one manufacture exhibited the separable type stool between feces and urine. The next majority of the exhibits were
2. the portable toilets utilizing by many unspecific persons at public places. And
3. one manufacture exhibited the public toilet which could recycle flashing water purified by the biological treatment system equipped below the toilet. And
4. one manufacture exhibited the household toilet with electric mixer which could transform human excrement into compost.

Shanghai is the large city of more than 13milion population. Each lofty building vied with their graceful and novel appearances and I enjoyed beautiful night views in Shanghai as one of travelers. But it is impossible to deny the fact that Shanghai as well as Beijing is the city with a tinge of the show window for foreign countries, especially European, U.S.A and Japan. Gorgeous hotels, highnesses restaurants, department stores and shops along the main street cannot tell the differences between Shanghai and Tokyo. But the appearances make a complete change when we stepped into one or two behind street from the main street. We can catch sight of dirty desultory streets and people’s living styles.

The toilet seems to have no problem in the large city such as Beijing and Shanghai because of the sufficient establishments of clean public toilets. On the analogy of the exhibits of the EXPO, the deficiency of the toilets for household and at public area must be urgent subjects in rural and inland area. The company who had exhibited the household composing toilet maintained that it was the benign recycling of resources to utilizing composed human excrement to the manure for agricultural products. She also maintained that it was the malign circulation to utilize chemical manure for agricultural products, ingest it and discharge waste into rivers or sea. I was glad to hear that because of coincidence with ours.

I was conscious that the EXPO was unsatisfactory for me, because the exhibitors of this EXPO were 15 to 16 companies from the 1st World Toilet EXPO and the exhibitors want only to sell toilets of own company throughout the term. In the near future our NGO Terra Cooperation will take part in the EXPO and introduce the existing situation of sanitary in developing countries and moreover we will put our recommendable ecological and sanitary toilets on exhibition.

1. Mangrove information center (management: The Ministry of Forestry in Indonesia and JICA)

   The generic term for the plants what grow wildly between high and low tide is “Mangrove”. It has become the treasury place of the small organism and fish, but　their number is decreasing rapidly under the influence of the development recently. This Information Center was established by the support of JICA. This center has been working for the planting, the protection training of the mangrove, and the environment education .

2. JARI foundation

   The NGO was established for the purposes of the organism diversity and species preservation in Lombok Island in 1997. All of members keep the diving qualifications. They are practicing the coast survey, eco-tourism development, and the establishment and management of the coast marine environment education center. They also put great emphasis on the enlightenment activities to the visitors and the residents through the action of eco-tourism．And they do the same thing to the public organization, too. JARI is an abbreviation for Work for the sea preservation in Indonesian

   More than half number of residents in Pulau Lombok are evacuating in the open air. If our aim for practicing is 'Water, Toilets, and The education Business', we will be able to have a good relationship with FARI Foundation.

1. OISCA International community development training center

   OISCA is one of NGOs where is small in number in Japan. This organization is keeping the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations and the qualification for deliberation. This place is, also in action for the personnel training, the environmental preservation all over the world by the support of the agricultural training since it was established in 1961. This center, also established “The Training Center” by the Japanese Government 'Grass-roots grants-in aid' in Maubara in Liquica prefecture after the East Timor Independence. They emphasize to train up the capable people as the regional leaders. Moreover, they`ve accepted demobilized soldiers and trainees from the other organizations. This place attracts a great deal of the best agricultural leaders training center in East Timor.

2. Japanese Embassy, JICA
3. Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)
4. Peace Winds Japan (PWJ)

   The NGO where locates the base in Japan　supports　the people who are exposed to the menace of the disputes or the poverty since established in 1996. They also support the revival of the independent struggle from Indonesia and their-selves independence. NGO has been leading them the technical instruction to product high quality coffee for their standard life improving at three villages in Letefoho, Ermera prefecture. Moreover, a model farm is managed toward the self-support of agricultural products. Because of few coffee cultivation farmhouses keep their own toilets in their houses, it`s possible to built up a closer connection with PWJ when they want to accomplish the project in East Timor.

   
   
5. Don Bosco agricultural technical school
6. Baucau prefectural office building
7. Deutsche Gesellschatt fur Technische Zusammenarbeit(GTZ)
8. International Development Center of Japan

   This is the development and international support think tank in Japan. It opens the humanity, development support room and they are in practical action, too. NGO is promoting the diffusion of improved fuel-efficient cooking stoves and the afforested project in East Timor. It is for preventing the deforestation by using too much firewood materials. It`s considered the mail reason for the deforestation in Metenaro in the suburbs of Capital Dili. They received some subsidy for this activity from The Global Environment Fund.

Other five of our party, each one is only 20s. They are younger than my son though, have some overseas practical experiences for NGO activities. The visiting places for training are the local activity spot of NGO of Japan, local NGO, or Japan and foreign countries support organizations acting in each places. This traveling was not only the purpose of overseas training by Global Environment Fund, but also the research to find the local NGO where we can make a good relationship when our NGO will show the performance “The drinking water, sanitation, and the education”in the future.

It is likely to be possible to build up the closer connection with the “JARI Foundation” in Lombok in Indonesia. The communication for the business accomplishment seems to have no problem, because they have no toilets at each house in this area except a part of wealthy families. We, NGO/NPO will start the investigation in order to apply the subsidy to the “Global Environment Fund” in next January.